Square



M. S. DOYLE Dern 31, 193s.

SQUARE Filed April 13, 1955 fyi 17712622527: 77mm.; d' Zit u 7? agry Patented- Dec. 31, 1935 UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE SQUARE Martin S. Doyle, Waltham, Mass.

Application April 13, 1935, Serial No. 16,195

4 Claims. (Cl. 33-96) My present invention relates to an improved square and more particularly to an improved carpenters square, adapted for use in direct angle measurement and layout.

5 Hitherto it has been customary to use various devices for determining the path of a line passing through a given angle, with respect to a given point. Either by the use of a protractor or by using a straight edge of a known angularity with a true base, it is possible to do this but, in the case of the protractor, at least two operations are necessary to obtain the line while it is not practical to provide a straight edge for every angularity, the 30, 45, and 60 being usually the only ones so constructed. I have provided a means for determining the path of a line of any given angularity with one adjustment only and I have associated myprinciple with a carpenters square.

The principal object of my invention is therefore an improved square.

Another object is an improved carpenter's square for laying olf a line at any given angle.

Still another object is the addition of a square section to the end of a conventional carpenters square to provide for additional degree capacity for eifecting a range of measurement through 90.

Other objects and novel features comprising the construction will appear as the descriptionY of the same progresses.

A In the drawing,'illustrating the preferred embodiment of my invention,

Fig. 1 is a plan View of my improved square on which has been indicated a conventional inch scale at the inner side. At one side and end along the outer edge, a degree scale has been indicated:

Fig. 2 is a diagrammatical showing of my improved square showing its application to provide for the construction of a 45 angle, shown as a full line, at a given point:

40 Fig. 3 is a view similar to Fig. 2 indicating the necessary change in position of the square to effeet a line:

Referring more in detail to the drawing, I0 indicates generally a square member of the conven- 45 tional type used by the trade uponwhich I have embodiment of my invention is best illustrated in connection with this particular square.

Referring once more to Fig. l, it will be noted that the square III illustrated comprises a middle section and two end portions II and I2 extend- 54 ing outwardly from said middle section in a right angle manner.

The middle section and end portion I I, comprise the structure of the conventional carpenters square and it will be observed that a new section I2 10 has been incorporated therewith. This new section I2 makes it possible to complete the efficacy of' the square through a range of 90 which would not be possible in its absence as its range would only carry through 60 or slightly more. The 15 length of the end portion I2 may beof any given size. However, the location of the 90th degree Yupon this member is very particularly determined by the corresponding location of a point I3, which I have designated as the index point and which 20 is accentuated by the association of an arrow I4 therewith. This point I3 serves as the starting point from which degrees are laid off on the edges I5 and I6 and hence the length of portion I2 bounded by the 90th degree must be exactly 25 of the same length as that length of portion II which is indicated at the point I 3.

It will thus be seen that while the location of the point I3 may be anywhere along the edge I'I, the location of the 90th degree must be directly 30 opposite on the edge I6 in perfect alignment therewith. However it should be kept in mind that the greatest utility of my invention resides in its adaptation to a carpenters square and it is highly desirable that the normal eiciency of a 35 conventional square should not be interferedwith by the additional portion I2, so in this connection it is preferable to keep the length of the portion I2 down as much as possible and therefore the approximate proportions shown in 40 Fig. l'are considered preferable.

It is possible to provide the edge I'I with the usual inch scale and also scales may be marked upon edges I8, I9, and 20.

In operation assume that a line is provided which may be any working Asurface and let this line be indicated by the broken line 2| shown in Fig. 2 and to this line at a given point 22 it is required to draw a line of given angularity such as 45. arrow head I4 of the square which has been diagrammatically shown in position in broken lines. Then the square is rotated using the arrow head III on the point 22 as the axis of rotation, until the desired degree reading, in this Then at the point 22 we superimpose the 50 Y case is brought into alignment with the broken line 2l. Now a line is drawn adjacent the long side l1 of the square which is the required line 23. If we desired to construct a line of 45 in the opposite direction, it would merely be necessary to turn the square over, on the opposite side of which corresponding degree markings and arrow head are prepared, again set the arrow head or index I4 to the given point with the long side of the square running in the direction desired and the given angle may be laid off on the opposite side and the desired line drawn.

In Fig. 3, I have shown a second application of the square similar to that illustrated in Fig. 2, with the only difference being that a line drawn to an angle of 35 is constructed instead of the 45 line shown in Fig. 2.

While I have shown a particular application,

and proportions of my improved square, it should be understood that various other arrangements may be resorted to in keeping with the spirit of my invention.

Having thus described my invention what I claim is:

1. An open device for locating a line at a given angle comprising a straight edge, a middle section right angularly disposed with respect -to said straight edge and an end portion righ-t angularly disposed to said middle section, said straight edge having an index point located thereon, and said middle section and said end portion having a scale of degrees located along the outer edge thereof with the extremity of said end portion being located directly opposite said index point.

2. A square for use in constructing a line at any given angle comprising a right angle member provided with an additional portion parallelly disposed with respect to the longer side of said right angled member, an index point located on said longer side and scale of degrees located on 5 the shorter side of said straight angled member, said index point adapted to be set at a given point on a line, said degree scale adapted to be adjusted to said line at the desired number of degrees and said longer side adapted to then i0 comprise a straight edge for constructing the given line.

3. An open three sided measuring device for locating an angle at a given point, comprising a straight edge portion, a complementary porl5 tion and a middle portion right angularly disposed between said straight edge and said complementary portion, and said complementary {portion being substantially shorter than said straight edge, and index point and scales lo- 2O cated on said device.

4. An open three sided measuring device for locating a line at a given angle comprising a straight edge portion, a complementary portion and a middle section, right angularly disposed 25 between said straight edge and said complementary portion, an index point located on said straight edge member and scale markings 1ocated on said straight edge, middle section and complementary member, said complementary 30 member having a length equal to the distance between the left hand end of said straight edge and the said index point.

MARTIN S. DOYLE. 

